Sardes (or Sardis) was the capital of ancient Lydia and is located in present-day Manisa, Turkey. Known in antiquity for its wealth and grandeur, the city is also famous as the site where the world’s first coins were minted. The wealth of Sardes was based on its gold resources and its strategic location on major trade routes. Olive cultivation and olive oil production were also important economic activities in this region.
Agricultural Activities:
The fertile soils and favorable climate conditions of Sardes and its surrounding areas made it an ideal region for olive cultivation. Like much of the Aegean Region, olive trees were widespread in the vicinity of Sardes, which supported the production of olive oil.
Economic Importance:
Olive oil was a highly valued commodity in the ancient world, used for a variety of purposes including nutrition, lighting, religious rituals, medical practices, and athletic activities. One of the factors contributing to the wealthy economy of Sardes was its olive oil trade.
Archaeological Findings:
While direct evidence of olive cultivation and olive oil production in Sardes is limited, archaeological excavations in the area have uncovered findings that demonstrate the diversity of agricultural activities in the region. These findings suggest that olive oil production was indeed a part of ancient Sardes’ economy.
Cultural and Social Context:
Olive oil played an important role in religious ceremonies and daily life in the ancient world. It is likely that olive oil was also used in religious and social life in Sardes, such as for offerings in rituals or for cleaning and preserving the body.
Trade Routes:
Sardes’ location on important trade routes made it a central hub for the trade of valuable goods, including olive oil. This reinforced Sardes’ economic and cultural connections with the Mediterranean world.
The production and use of olive oil in ancient Sardes is evaluated today through archaeological evidence and historical sources. The agricultural history of the city and its surroundings shows that Sardes held a significant place in the economic and cultural life of the ancient world.
English 
Türkçe